Sildenafil


- TRADE NAMES: Revatio (Pfizer); Viagra (Pfizer)
- INDICATIONS: Erectile dysfunction, hypertension
- CLASS: Covid-19 putative drug, Phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitor
- HALF-LIFE: 4 hours
Alfuzosin, Alpha blockers, Amlodipine, Amprenavir, Amyl Nitrite, Antifungals, Antihypertensives, Atazanavir, Boceprevir, Bosentan, Cimetidine, Clarithromycin, Cobicistat/Elvitegravir/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Alafenamide, Cobicistat/Elvitegravir/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Disoproxil, Conivaptan, CYP3A4 inhibitors and inducers, Darunavir, Dasatinib, Deferasirox, Delavirdine, Disopyramide, Erythromycin, Etravirine, Fosamprenavir, Grapefruit Juice, High-fat foods, HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, Indinavir, Isosorbide, Isosorbide Dinitrate, Isosorbide Mononitrate, Itraconazole, Ketoconazole, Lopinavir, Macrolide antibiotics, Nelfinavir, Nicorandil, Nitrates, Nitroglycerin, Ombitasvir/Paritaprevir/Ritonavir, Ombitasvir/Paritaprevir/Ritonavir and Dasabuvir, Other phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors, Paclitaxel, PEG-Interferon, Riociguat, Ritonavir, Sapropterin, Saquinavir, St John's Wort, Telaprevir, Telithromycin, Tipranavir
PREGNANCY CATEGORY: B
See adverse reactions attributed to class:
Flushing / rubefaction 10–25%
(2017): Gong B+, Int Urol Nephrol 49(10), 1731 [REVIEW]
(2017): Graziano S+, Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 21(1 Suppl), 17 [REVIEW] (passim)
(2017): Tu JH+, Pediatr Dermatol 34(5), 559 (mild)
(2016): Ventimiglia E+, Expert Opin Drug Saf 15(2), 141 [REVIEW]
(2015): Bai WJ+, Asian J Androl 17(1), 612%
(2015): Balhara YP+, Indian J Endocrinol Metab 19(4), 451 [REVIEW]
(2015): Dodgen AL+, Drug Healthc Patient Saf 7, 175 [REVIEW]10%
(2014): Murdaca G+, Expert Opin Drug Saf 13(3), 295
(2013): Seferian A+, Eur Respir Rev 22(129), 217
(2013): Wijitsettakul U+, J Med Assoc Thai 96(6), 68313%
(2012): Lederer DJ+, COPD 9(3), 268
(2012): Xiao Y+, Cochrane Database Syst Rev 4, CD009427 [REVIEW]
(2011): Cvelich RG+, Ann Pharmacother 45(12), 1551
(2011): Lee M, Clin Ther 33(11), 1590 [REVIEW]
(2010): Benard F+, J Sex Med 7(11), 3725
(2010): Harrington C+, J Med Imaging Radiat Oncol 54(3), 2248–10%
(2008): Afif-Abdo J+, BJU Int 102(7), 829
(2006): Blonde L, Curr Med Res Opin 22(11), 21117%
(2005): Sunwoo S+, Int J Impot Res 17(1), 716%
(2004): DeBusk RF+, Am J Cardiol 93(2), 147
(2004): Deveci S+, Int J Urol 11(11), 989
(2003): Berman JR+, J Urol 170(6 Pt 1), 2333
(2003): Carson CC, Expert Opin Pharmacother 4(3), 397
(2003): Govier F+, Clin Ther 25(11), 27095%
(2003): Stroberg P+, Clin Ther 25(11), 27247%
(2002): Becher E+, Int J Impot Res 14, S33-41
(2002): Coelho OR, Int J Impot Res 14, S54
(2002): Fink HA+, Arch Intern Med 162(12), 1349 [REVIEW]12%
(2002): Glina S+, Int J Impot Res 14, S27-32
(2002): Lim PH+, Ann N Y Acad Sci 962, 378 [REVIEW]
(2002): Salonia A+, J Urol 168(6), 2486 (with paroxetine)
(2001): Chen KK+, Int J Impot Res 13(4), 22125%
(2001): Rosenkranz S+, Dtsch Med Wochenschr 126(41), 1144 [REVIEW]
(2001): Steers W+, Int J Impot Res 13(5), 261
Epistaxis (nosebleed) 9–13%
(2015): Dodgen AL+, Drug Healthc Patient Saf 7, 175 [REVIEW]9%
(2012): Lederer DJ+, COPD 9(3), 268
Nasal congestion
(2016): Ventimiglia E+, Expert Opin Drug Saf 15(2), 141 [REVIEW]
(2015): Bai WJ+, Asian J Androl 17(1), 611%
(2013): Wijitsettakul U+, J Med Assoc Thai 96(6), 68310%
(2012): Lederer DJ+, COPD 9(3), 268
(2010): Benard F+, J Sex Med 7(11), 3725
(2010): Harrington C+, J Med Imaging Radiat Oncol 54(3), 2248–10%
(2008): Afif-Abdo J+, BJU Int 102(7), 829
Atrial fibrillation
(2013): Alekperov RT+, Ter Arkh (Russian) 85(5), 60
(2004): Kingma JH+, J Am Coll Cardiol 44(11), 2117 [REVIEW]
Cardiac arrest <2%
(2013): Maxey DM+, Pediatr Cardiol 34(7), 1628
(2011): Huber BC+, BMC Cardiovasc Disord 11, 49
Cardiac disorder / cardiac dysfunction
(2019): Olcina Rodriguez J+, Rev Int Androl (Spanish) May, Epub ahead of print [REVIEW] (with cannabis)
Congestive heart failure
(2013): Alekperov RT+, Ter Arkh 85(5), 60
(2010): Zisman DA+, N Engl J Med 363(7), 6201%
Hypotension <2%
(2016): Fender RA+, J Pediatr Pharmacol Ther 21(5), 419
(2013): Maxey DM+, Pediatr Cardiol 34(7), 1628
(2012): Lombardi G+, J Sex Med 9(4), 970 [REVIEW]
(2010): Blaise S+, Br J Pharmacol 160(5), 1128 (1 case)
(2006): Nieminen T+, Clin Drug Investig 26(11), 667 (with tamsulosin)
Myocardial infarction
(2013): Alekperov RT+, Ter Arkh (Russian) 85(5), 60 (fatal)
(2012): Cakmak HA+, BMJ Case Rep Oct, Epub
(2007): Velasquez Lopez JG+, Actas Urol Esp 31(1), 52
(2006): Saha SA+, Am J Ther 13(4), 378
Vasodilation
(2011): Alexander MS+, Spinal Cord 49(2), 273
(2011): Kennedy SH+, Int Clin Psychopharmacol 26(3), 151
(2008): Afif-Abdo J+, BJU Int 102(7), 829
Ventricular arrhythmia
(2016): Heranval A+, Rev Neurol (Paris) 172(4-5), 318 (in Parkinson's disease)
(2015): Dodgen AL+, Drug Healthc Patient Saf 7, 175 [REVIEW] (2 cases)
Amnesia
(2006): Shihman B+, Harefuah 145(9), 656
(2003): Gandolfo C+, Neurol Sci 24(3), 145
(2002): Savitz SA+, Neurology 59(5), 778
Headache 16–46%
(2020): Hao Y+, Life Sci Jul, Online ahead of print [REVIEW] (mild)
(2017): Dunn L+, Fetal Diagn Ther 41(2), 81 [REVIEW]46%
(2017): Graziano S+, Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 21(1 Suppl), 17 [REVIEW] (passim)
(2017): Ohl DA+, Sex Med Rev 5(4), 52116%
(2016): Ventimiglia E+, Expert Opin Drug Saf 15(2), 141 [REVIEW]
(2015): Bai WJ+, Asian J Androl 17(1), 611%
(2015): Balhara YP+, Indian J Endocrinol Metab 19(4), 451 [REVIEW]
(2015): Dodgen AL+, Drug Healthc Patient Saf 7, 175 [REVIEW]46%
(2013): Alekperov RT+, Ter Arkh (Russian) 85(5), 60
(2013): Buvat J+, J Sex Med 10(6), 1592>4%
(2013): Lasaponara F+, J Sex Med 10(11), 2798
(2013): Morris CR+, Haematologica 98(9), 1359 (transient)
(2013): Seferian A+, Eur Respir Rev 22(129), 217
(2013): Wijitsettakul U+, J Med Assoc Thai 96(6), 6834%
(2012): Lederer DJ+, COPD 9(3), 268
(2012): Xiao Y+, Cochrane Database Syst Rev 4, CD009427 [REVIEW]
(2011): Alexander MS+, Spinal Cord 49(2), 273
(2011): Cvelich RG+, Ann Pharmacother 45(12), 1551
(2011): Herrick AL+, Arthritis Rheum 63(3), 775
(2011): Jin Z+, Asian J Androl 13(4), 6306%
(2011): Kennedy SH+, Int Clin Psychopharmacol 26(3), 151
(2011): Lee M, Clin Ther 33(11), 1590 [REVIEW]
(2010): Benard F+, J Sex Med 7(11), 3725
(2008): Afif-Abdo J+, BJU Int 102(7), 829
(2008): Ergin S+, J Spinal Cord Med 31(5), 522
(2008): Simonneau G+, Ann Intern Med 149(8), 52157% (with epoprostenol)
(2006): Blonde L, Curr Med Res Opin 22(11), 21115%
(2006): de L Figuerola M+, Cephalalgia 26(5), 617
(2006): Heymann WR, J Am Acad Dermatol 55(3), 501
(2006): Oliver JJ+, Hypertension 48(4), 622
(2005): Sunwoo S+, Int J Impot Res 17(1), 713%
(2004): DeBusk RF+, Am J Cardiol 93(2), 147
(2004): Deveci S+, Int J Urol 11(11), 989
(2003): Berman JR+, J Urol 170(6 Pt 1), 2333
(2003): Carson CC, Expert Opin Pharmacother 4(3), 397
(2003): Govier F+, Clin Ther 25(11), 27099%
(2003): Raina R+, Urology 62(6), 1103
(2003): Stroberg P+, Clin Ther 25(11), 27244%
(2002): Becher E+, Int J Impot Res 14, S33
(2002): Coelho OR, Int J Impot Res 14, S5419%
(2002): Glina S+, Int J Impot Res 14, S27
Seizures
(2015): Dodgen AL+, Drug Healthc Patient Saf 7, 175 [REVIEW] (1 case)
(2013): Maxey DM+, Pediatr Cardiol 34(7), 1628
(2002): Gilad R+, BMJ 325(7369), 869
Stroke / cerebral infarction
(2012): Stefanovic-Budimkic M+, Clin Neurol Neurosurg 114(4), 405
(2006): Habek M+, Clin Neuropharmacol 29(3), 165
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
(2011): De-Giorgio F+, Am J Forensic Med Pathol 32(4), 310 (fatal)
(2008): Kaneria MV+, J Assoc Physicians India 56, 809
Vertigo / dizziness 2%
(2017): Tu JH+, Pediatr Dermatol 34(5), 559
(2015): Bai WJ+, Asian J Androl 17(1), 611%
(2013): Alekperov RT+, Ter Arkh (Russian) 85(5), 60
(2013): Morris CR+, Haematologica 98(9), 1359
(2013): Wijitsettakul U+, J Med Assoc Thai 96(6), 6833%
(2012): Lederer DJ+, COPD 9(3), 268
(2011): Jin Z+, Asian J Androl 13(4), 6305%
Abdominal pain <2%
(2012): Lederer DJ+, COPD 9(3), 268
(2011): Jin Z+, Asian J Androl 13(4), 6301% (with doxazosin)
(2008): Afif-Abdo J+, BJU Int 102(7), 829
Diarrhea 3–9%
(2017): Wang S+, Acta Otolaryngol 137(6), 674 (mild) (transient)
(2015): Dodgen AL+, Drug Healthc Patient Saf 7, 175 [REVIEW]9%
(2014): Murdaca G+, Expert Opin Drug Saf 13(3), 295
(2011): Jin Z+, Asian J Androl 13(4), 6301%
Dyspepsia / functional dyspepsia / gastroparesis 7–17%
(2017): Dunn L+, Fetal Diagn Ther 41(2), 81 [REVIEW]16%
(2017): Graziano S+, Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 21(1 Suppl), 17 [REVIEW] (passim)
(2016): Ventimiglia E+, Expert Opin Drug Saf 15(2), 141 [REVIEW]
(2015): Balhara YP+, Indian J Endocrinol Metab 19(4), 451 [REVIEW]
(2015): Dodgen AL+, Drug Healthc Patient Saf 7, 175 [REVIEW]13%
(2014): Murdaca G+, Expert Opin Drug Saf 13(3), 295
(2013): Seferian A+, Eur Respir Rev 22 (129), 217
(2013): Wijitsettakul U+, J Med Assoc Thai 96(6), 6831%
(2012): Xiao Y+, Cochrane Database Syst Rev 4, CD009427 [REVIEW]
(2011): Herrick AL+, Arthritis Rheum 63(3), 775
(2011): Jin Z+, Asian J Androl 13(4), 6302%
(2011): Kennedy SH+, Int Clin Psychopharmacol 26(3), 151
(2010): Harrington C+, J Med Imaging Radiat Oncol 54(3), 2248–10%
(2008): Afif-Abdo J+, BJU Int 102(7), 829
(2008): Simonneau G+, Ann Intern Med 149(8), 52116% (with epoprostenol)
Gastritis / pangastritis / gastric irritation <2%
(2015): Dodgen AL+, Drug Healthc Patient Saf 7, 175 [REVIEW]3%
Gastrointestinal disorder / discomfort
(2020): Hao Y+, Life Sci Jul, Online ahead of print [REVIEW] (mild)
(2010): Zisman DA+, N Engl J Med 363(7), 6202%
Hepatotoxicity / liver injury / acute liver injury / drug-induced liver injury (DILI)
(2017): Graziano S+, Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 21(1 Suppl), 17 [REVIEW]
(2016): Nissan R+, Curr Drug Saf 11(2), 184 (in a herbal preparation)
Nausea
(2017): Tu JH+, Pediatr Dermatol 34(5), 559 (transient)
(2015): Balhara YP+, Indian J Endocrinol Metab 19(4), 451 [REVIEW]
(2013): Lasaponara F+, J Sex Med 10(11), 2798
(2008): Simonneau G+, Ann Intern Med 149(8), 52125% (with epoprostenol)
Priapism
(2005): Kumar R+, Natl Med J India 18(1), 49
(2004): Cantrell FL, Pediatr Emerg Care 20(5), 314
(2002): Goldmeier D+, BMJ 324(7353), 1555 (with Dihydrocodeine)
(2000): Kassim AA+, Blood 95(5), 1878
(2000): Sur RL+, Urology 55, 950
(1999): Aoyagi T+, Bull Tokyo Dent Coll 40(4), 215
Asthenia / fatigue <2%
(2013): Morris CR+, Haematologica 98(9), 1359
(2011): Jin Z+, Asian J Androl 13(4), 6301%
Back pain
(2015): Bai WJ+, Asian J Androl 17(1), 611%
(2013): Morris CR+, Haematologica 98(9), 1359
(2012): Lederer DJ+, COPD 9(3), 268
Myalgia/Myositis/Myopathy/Myotoxicity (see also statin-induced necrotizing autoimmune myopathy) 7%
(2015): Dodgen AL+, Drug Healthc Patient Saf 7, 175 [REVIEW]7%
(2014): Frantz RP+, J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 19(6), 550
(2006): Heymann WR, J Am Acad Dermatol 55(3), 501
(2006): Oliver JJ+, Hypertension 48(4), 622
Abnormal vision
(2016): Ventimiglia E+, Expert Opin Drug Saf 15(2), 141 [REVIEW]
(2015): Balhara YP+, Indian J Endocrinol Metab 19(4), 451 [REVIEW]
(2013): Wijitsettakul U+, J Med Assoc Thai 96(6), 6835%
Dyschromatopsia 3–11%
(blue-green vision)
(2012): Prescrire Int 21(127), 126
(2003): Prescrire Int 12(65), 98
(2002): Coelho OR, Int J Impot Res 14, S54
(2002): Laties A+, Prog Retin Eye Res 21(5), 485 [REVIEW]
(1998): Craig D+, Cleveland Clinic Foundation 52, 96311%
Optic neuropathy
(2016): Zheng L+, J Neuroophthalmol 36(3), 348
(2013): Galvez-Ruiz A+, Saudi J Ophthalmol 27(4), 241 (10 cases)
(2013): Krashin-Bichler I+, Harefuah (Hebrew) 152(2), 84
(2011): Azzouni F+, J Sex Med 8(10), 2894 [REVIEW]
(2011): Moschos MM+, Case Report Ophthalmol 2(2), 262
(2006): Bella AJ+, Can J Urol 13(5), 3233 [REVIEW]
(2006): Gorkin L+, Int J Clin Pract 60(4), 500<1%
(2006): Wooltorton E, CMAJ 175(4), 355
(2005): Egan RA+, Arch Ophthalmol 123(5), 709
(2005): Gruhn N+, Acta Ophthalmol Scand 83(1), 131
(2005): Pomeranz HD+, J Neuroophthalmol 25(1), 9 (7 cases)
(2003): Prescrire Int 12(65), 98
(2003): Gandhi JS, Ophthalmology 110(9), 1860
(2002): Boshier A+, Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther 40(9), 422
(2002): Dheer S+, J Assoc Physicians India 50, 265
(2002): Pomeranz HD+, Ophthalmology 109(3), 584
(2001): Cunningham AV+, J Neuroophthalmol 21(1), 22
(2000): Egan R+, Arch Ophthalmol 118(2), 291
Retinal vein occlusion
(2011): Azzouni F+, J Sex Med 8(10), 2894 [REVIEW]
(2009): Pinto LM+, Indian J Chest Dis Allied Sci 51 (4), 249
Uveitis / anterior uveitis / posterior uveitis / panuveitis
(2013): Isik M+, Rheumatol Int 33(3), 803
Vision blurred
(2015): Sathyanarayana Rao TS+, Indian J Psychiatry 57(3), 311 (ultra-high-dose abuse)
(2013): Morris CR+, Haematologica 98(9), 1359
(2012): Lederer DJ+, COPD 9(3), 268
(2009): Pinto LM+, Indian J Chest Dis Allied Sci 51 (4), 249
Visual disturbances
(2017): Dunn L+, Fetal Diagn Ther 41(2), 81 [REVIEW]17%
(2017): Graziano S+, Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 21(1 Suppl), 17 [REVIEW] (passim)
(2013): Morris CR+, Haematologica 98(9), 1359
(2012): Xiao Y+, Cochrane Database Syst Rev 4, CD009427 [REVIEW]
(2006): Fava M+, J Clin Psychiatry 67(2), 2403%
Hearing loss (hypoacusis) <2%
(2013): Skeith L+, J Popul Ther Clin Pharmacol 20(2), e128 (with diltiazem and furosemide)
(2011): Khan AS+, Laryngoscope 121(5), 1049
(2010): McGwin G Jr, Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 136(5), 488
(2007): Mukherjee B+, J Laryngol Otol 121(4), 395
Ototoxicity
(2013): Skeith L+, J Popul Ther Clin Pharmacol 20(2), e128 (with diltiazem and furosemide)
Tinnitus <2%
(2007): Buranakitjaroen P+, J Med Assoc Thai 90(6), 1100
(2002): Hamzavi J+, Wien Klin Wochenschr 114(1-2), 54
Dyspnea / shortness of breath 7%
(2015): Dodgen AL+, Drug Healthc Patient Saf 7, 175 [REVIEW]7% (exacerbation)
(2013): Maxey DM+, Pediatr Cardiol 34(7), 1628
(2013): Morris CR+, Haematologica 98(9), 1359
(2012): Lederer DJ+, COPD 9(3), 268
Hypoxia
(2015): Dodgen AL+, Drug Healthc Patient Saf 7, 175 [REVIEW] (1 case)
(2013): Maxey DM+, Pediatr Cardiol 34(7), 1628
(2010): Zisman DA+, N Engl J Med 363(7), 6201%
Pneumonia
(2013): Maxey DM+, Pediatr Cardiol 34(7), 1628
(2010): Zisman DA+, N Engl J Med 363(7), 6202%
Respiratory failure
(2013): Maxey DM+, Pediatr Cardiol 34(7), 1628
(2013): Nour SM+, Tenn Med 106(3), 34
(2010): Zisman DA+, N Engl J Med 363(7), 6201%
Rhinitis 4%
(2016): Ventimiglia E+, Expert Opin Drug Saf 15(2), 141
(2015): Balhara YP+, Indian J Endocrinol Metab 19(4), 451 [REVIEW]
(2015): Dodgen AL+, Drug Healthc Patient Saf 7, 175 [REVIEW]4%
(2012): Xiao Y+, Cochrane Database Syst Rev 4, CD009427 [REVIEW]
(2011): Lee M, Clin Ther 33(11), 1590 [REVIEW]
(2003): Berman JR+, J Urol 170(6 Pt 1), 2333
Stridor
(2015): Dodgen AL+, Drug Healthc Patient Saf 7, 175 [REVIEW] (2 cases)
(2013): Maxey DM+, Pediatr Cardiol 34(7), 1628
Upper respiratory tract infection
(2012): Lederer DJ+, COPD 9(3), 268
(2011): Kennedy SH+, Int Clin Psychopharmacol 26(3), 151
Adverse effects
(2019): Della Camera PA+, Urologia Aug, Epub ahead of print20%
(2018): Shah PC+, Indian J Sex Transm Dis AIDS 39(1), 12%
(2014): Chen H+, Urology 84(1), 51 (mild or moderate)
(2014): Wang RC+, Respir Med 108(3), 531 [REVIEW] (mild to moderate)
(2013): Lasaponara F+, J Sex Med 10(11), 2798 (gastrointestinal)
(2013): Seferian A+, Eur Respir Rev 22(129), 217
(2012): Lowe G+, J Sex Med 9(1), 265
Death
(2013): Alekperov RT+, Ter Arkh (Russian) 85(5), 60 (1 case)
(2011): De-Giorgio F+, Am J Forensic Med Pathol 32(4), 310
(2002): Dumestre-Toulet V+, Forensic Sci Int 126(1), 71
Adverse reactions attributed to entire drug class Covid-19 putative drug
Cutaneous adverse reaction (includes severe cutaneous adverse drug reaction (SCAR))
(2020): Tursen U+, Dermatol Ther May, Epub ahead of print [REVIEW]
Cardiovascular adverse effect
(2020): Carpenter A+, Front Cardiovasc Med 7, 85 [REVIEW]
(2020): Giudicessi JR+, Mayo Clin Proc May, Online ahead of print [REVIEW]
(2020): Naksuk N+, Eur Heart J Acute Cardiovasc Care May, Epub ahead of print [REVIEW]
(2020): Sarayani A+, Res Social Adm Pharm Apr, Epub ahead of print [REVIEW]
(2020): Zhang D+, Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi (Chinese) 45(10), 2275-2286 [REVIEW]
Neuropsychiatric / neuropsychological adverse effect
(2021): Borah P+, Front Mol Biosci 8, 627723
(2020): García CAC+, Gen Hosp Psychiatry Jun, Online ahead of print [REVIEW]
Gastrointestinal disorder / discomfort
(2020): Sun J+, Clin Pharmacol Ther Apr, Epub ahead of print23%
Hepatic (liver) disorder / hepatobiliary disorder / hepatic (liver) dysfunction
(2020): Sun J+, Clin Pharmacol Ther Apr, Epub ahead of print14%
Thrombocytopenia
(2020): Nham E+, Infect Chemother Apr, Epub ahead of print
Adverse effects
(2022): Chiu MN+, Eur J Clin Pharmacol Jan, Online ahead of print [REVIEW]
(2021): Bérard A+, PLoS One 16(5), e0251746 [REVIEW] (in pregnancy)
(2021): Cheng Q+, Aging (Albany NY) Sep, Online ahead of print [REVIEW]
(2021): Cruciani F+, Recenti Prog Med 112(3), 195-206 [REVIEW]
(2021): Drożdżal S+, Drug Resist Updat Dec, eCollection [REVIEW]
(2021): Ommati MM+, J Biochem Mol Toxicol May, Online ahead of print [REVIEW]
(2021): Qiu R+, Medicine (Baltimore) 100(16), e25532 [REVIEW]
(2021): Wu SS+, Chin Med J (Engl) Jul, Online ahead of print [REVIEW]
(2020): Favilli A+, J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med Jun, Online ahead of print [REVIEW]
(2020): Griffiths G+, Trials 21(1), 544
(2020): Patil VM+, Life Sci May, Epub ahead of print [REVIEW]
(2020): Rhodes NJ+, medRxiv Jun, Preprint
(2020): Sun J+, Clin Pharmacol Ther Apr, Epub ahead of print38%
(2020): Svensson M, Lakartidningen (Swedish) Apr, 117
(2020): Wen CY+, Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi (Chinese) May, Epub ahead of print
(2020): Zekarias A+, Drug Saf Sep, Online ahead of print [REVIEW]
(2020): Zhong H+, Pharmacol Res Apr, Epub ahead of print [REVIEW]
Adverse reactions attributed to entire drug class Phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitor
Flushing / rubefaction
(2017): Scaglione F+, Clin Ther 39(2), 370 [REVIEW]
(2016): Gao L+, Int J Gynaecol Obstet 133(2), 139 [REVIEW]
(2016): Jia DD+, Spinal Cord 54(7), 494 [REVIEW]
(2012): Rizio N+, J Spinal Cord Med 35(4), 219 [REVIEW]
Rash
(2017): Scaglione F+, Clin Ther 39(2), 370 [REVIEW]
Epistaxis (nosebleed)
(2016): Vlastarakos PV+, J Emerg Med 51(5), e103
Nasal congestion
(2017): Scaglione F+, Clin Ther 39(2), 370 [REVIEW]
Hypotension
(2012): Rizio N+, J Spinal Cord Med 35(4), 219 [REVIEW] (mild)
Headache
(2017): Scaglione F+, Clin Ther 39(2), 370 [REVIEW]
(2016): Gao L+, Int J Gynaecol Obstet 133(2), 139 [REVIEW]
(2016): Jia DD+, Spinal Cord 54(7), 494 [REVIEW]
(2012): Rizio N+, J Spinal Cord Med 35(4), 219 [REVIEW]
Vertigo / dizziness
(2017): Scaglione F+, Clin Ther 39(2), 370 [REVIEW]
Dyspepsia / functional dyspepsia / gastroparesis
(2017): Scaglione F+, Clin Ther 39(2), 370 [REVIEW]
Nausea
(2017): Scaglione F+, Clin Ther 39(2), 370 [REVIEW]
Back pain
(2017): Scaglione F+, Clin Ther 39(2), 370 [REVIEW]
Myalgia/Myositis/Myopathy/Myotoxicity (see also statin-induced necrotizing autoimmune myopathy)
(2017): Scaglione F+, Clin Ther 39(2), 370 [REVIEW]
Abnormal vision
(2017): Scaglione F+, Clin Ther 39(2), 370 [REVIEW]
Optic neuropathy
(2018): Yafi FA+, Sex Med Rev 6(2), 242 [REVIEW]
Visual disturbances
(2016): Gao L+, Int J Gynaecol Obstet 133(2), 139 [REVIEW]
Pulmonary hypertension
(2021): Turner JM+, Am J Obstet Gynecol Jun, Online ahead of print [REVIEW] (increased risk)
Adverse effects
(2016): Jiang R+, Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue (Chinese) 22(2), 99 [REVIEW]
Neonatal death
(2021): Turner JM+, Am J Obstet Gynecol Jun, Online ahead of print [REVIEW] (increased risk)
Page last updated 12/10/2021
Symbol key
Incidence 
- <1%
- 1-5%
- 5-10%
- 10-15%
- 15-20%
- 20-30%
- >30%
Warnings in other populations 
- Breast feeding
- Geriatric
- Pediatric