Adverse reactions attributed to entire drug class 'Immune checkpoint inhibitor' Please login to view adverse reactions.
Skin[16 reactions]
Bullous pemphigoid / pemphigoid
(2022): Bur D+, J Am Acad Dermatol Aug , Online ahead of print (20 cases)(2022): Ingen-Housz-Oro S+, Melanoma Res Mar , Online ahead of print(2022): Schauer F+, Front Immunol Jul , eCollection (8 cases)(2021): Ogawa K+, Clin Drug Investig Jun , Online ahead of print [REVIEW](2020): Molina GE+, Br J Dermatol Jun , Online ahead of print (15 cases)(2020): Morris LM+, J Cutan Pathol Mar , Epub ahead of print (2 cases)(2019): Fontecilla NM+, J Drugs Dermatol 18(1) , 103 (1 case)(2019): Kosche C+, Dermatol Online J 25(10) , eCollection (1 case)(2019): Sadik CD+, Front Immunol 10 , 1934 (1 case)(2018): Lopez AT+, Int J Dermatol 57(6) , 664 [REVIEW](2016): Jour G+, J Cutan Pathol 43(8) , 688 (5 cases)(2016): Naidoo J+, Cancer Immunol Res 4(5) , 383 (3 cases)Cutaneous adverse reaction (includes severe cutaneous adverse drug reaction (SCAR))
(2023): L'Orphelin J-M+, J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol Apr , Online ahead of print(2023): Martel J+, Hum Pathol May , Online ahead of print [REVIEW](2023): Medri M+, Ital J Dermatol Venerol 158(6) , 437-444(2022): Chen CH+, Curr Oncol 29(4) , 2871-2886 [REVIEW](2022): Juan-Carpena G+, Actas Dermosifiliogr 113(4) , 376-387 [REVIEW](2022): Salloum A+, Immunotherapy 14(6) , 489-503 [REVIEW]Cutaneous eruptions
Cutaneous toxicity / skin toxicity
DRESS syndrome (Drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome)
Granulomatous reaction
Lichenoid eruption / lichenoid reaction
(2020): Sethi M+, Dermatol Online J 26(12) (2 cases / female) (diagnosed as an inverse variant of lichenoid eruption)Psoriasis
Rash
Raynaud's phenomenon
(2020): Khan S+, Oncologist Mar , Epub ahead of print (1 case) (with anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (anti-CTLA4) therapy)Sarcoidosis / sarcoid-like reaction (cutaneous sarcoidosis)
(2020): Chorti E+, Eur J Cancer 131 , 18 (10 cases) (drug-induced sarcoidosis-like reaction)Scleroderma
Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis (SJS/TEN)
Toxic epidermal necrolysis (Lyell's syndrome)
Vasculitis (angiitis) / cutaneous vasculitis (angiitis)
Vitiligo
Hair[1 reaction] Nails[1 reaction] Mucosal[1 reaction] Cardiovascular[8 reactions]
Capillary leak syndrome
Cardiotoxicity
(2023): Ho CC+, J Chin Med Assoc 86(5) , 499-505(2023): Li X+, Front Immunol Feb , eCollection [REVIEW](2022): Ganesh S+, Front Cardiovasc Med Sep , eCollection [REVIEW](2022): Zito C+, Cancers (Basel) 14(21) , 5403 [REVIEW](2021): Arangalage D+, Cancer Treat Rev Aug , Online ahead of print [REVIEW](2021): Chen C+, Front Pharmacol Feb , eCollection [REVIEW](2021): Dolladille C+, Eur Heart J Sep , Online ahead of print [REVIEW]Cardiovascular adverse effect
Large-vessel vasculitis
Myocarditis
(2023): Coustal C+, J Immunother Cancer 11(5) , e004792 (29 cases)(2023): Gao J+, J Leukoc Biol May , Online ahead of print (multiomics)(2023): Moradi A+, Cureus 15(7) , e42071 [REVIEW](2022): Cadour F+, Radiology Mar , Online ahead of print (41 cases)(2022): Deharo F+, J Clin Med 11(19) , 5611 (3 cases)(2022): Longinow J+, Cancer Med Sep , Online ahead of print (11 cases) (with myasthenia gravis, myositis and myocarditis overlap syndrome)(2022): Thuny F+, JACC CardioOncol 4(5) , 624-628 [REVIEW](2022): Vasbinder A+, JACC CardioOncol 4(5) , 689-700 [REVIEW](2021): Esposito R+, Biomolecules 11(6) , 785 [REVIEW](2021): Matzen E+, Cardiooncology 7(1) , 27 (87 cases) [REVIEW](2021): Thuny F+, JACC CardioOncol 3(1) , 157-161 [REVIEW](2020): Balanescu DV+, Cardiovasc Pathol 47 , 107211 (3 cases)(2020): Cautela J+, J Immunother Cancer 8(2) , e001887 [REVIEW](2018): Mahmood SS+, J Am Coll Cardiol 71(16) , 1755 (35 cases)(2018): Tajiri K+, Jpn J Clin Oncol 48(1) , 7 [REVIEW](2016): Johnson DB+, N Engl J Med 375(18) , 1749 (fatal / 2 cases)Myocarditis, myositis and myasthenia gravis overlap syndrome (IM3OS)
Takotsubo syndrome
Thromboembolism
Central Nervous System[9 reactions]
Bell's palsy (facial palsy)
(2023): Zhu J+, Int Immunopharmacol Nov , Online ahead of print (association)Cerebral pseudoprogression
Demyelination
Encephalitis
Fever (pyrexia) (includes hyperpyrexia)
Guillain-Barré syndrome / acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy
Neurological adverse effect
(2024): Müller-Jensen L+, Data Brief Apr , eCollection(2022): Ruggiero R+, Front Oncol Mar , eCollection(2021): Cheng K+, Clin Med Insights Oncol Nov , eCollection [REVIEW](2021): Mikami T+, J Neurooncol 152(1) , 135-1447% [REVIEW](2021): Plaçais L+, Brain Commun 3(4) , fcab220 (40 cases)(2020): Haugh AM+, Expert Opin Drug Saf 19(4) , 479-488 [REVIEW](2020): Shi J+, Thorac Cancer 11(2) , 481-487 [REVIEW](2019): Möhn N+, J Clin Med 8(11) ~1% [REVIEW](2019): Pan PC+, Curr Oncol Rep 21(12) , 108 [REVIEW](2019): Sato K+, J Neurooncol 145(1) , 1-9 [REVIEW](2019): Shi J+, Zhongguo Fei Ai Za Zhi (Chinese) 22(10) , 633-638 [REVIEW]Neurotoxicity
Paraneoplastic neurological syndromes
Endocrine/Metabolic[18 reactions]
Adrenal insufficiency (hypoadrenalism)
Adrenalitis
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (corticotropin; ACTH) deficiency
Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) increased
Diabetes insipidus
Diabetes mellitus
(2024): Angelousi A+, Diseases 12(2) , 40 (4 cases) (with concomitant medication)(2023): Cho YK+, Diabetes Metab J Jul , Online ahead of print [REVIEW](2023): Liao D+, Int Immunopharmacol Jun , Online ahead of print [REVIEW](2023): Marsiglio J+, Front Immunol Aug , eCollection (18 cases) (+/– chemotherapy)(2022): Liu J+, Transl Oncol Jul , Online ahead of print (171 cases) [REVIEW](2021): Fischer M+, Harefuah (Hebrew) 160(10) , 657-662 (2 cases) [REVIEW](2021): Lo Preiato V+, Rev Endocr Metab Disord Jan , Online ahead of print [REVIEW](2021): Muniz TP+, Cancers (Basel) 14(1) , 89 (34 cases)(2021): Ogawa K+, Clin Drug Investig Jun , Online ahead of print [REVIEW](2020): Quandt Z+, Clin Exp Immunol 200(2) , 131-140 [REVIEW](2020): Zhang R+, Chin Med J (Engl) Aug , Online ahead of print [REVIEW](2020): Zheng Z+, Diabetes Metab Res Rev Jun , e3366 [REVIEW](2019): Kotwal A+, BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 7(1) , e000591 [REVIEW]Diabetic ketoacidosis
Endocrine-related adverse effect / endocrinopathy
(2023): Alqahtani A+, Cureus 15(8) , e4429621% (2023): Ornelas M+, Arch Endocrinol Metab 67(6) , e000654 [REVIEW](2022): Chera A+, Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) Sep , eCollection [REVIEW](2021): Deligiannis NG+, Medicina (B Aires) 81(2) , 269-278 [REVIEW](2021): Iwama S+, Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 36(2) , 312-321 [REVIEW](2020): Shi Y+, J Clin Endocrinol Metab Sep , Online ahead of print (30 cases) [REVIEW] (autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 2)(2020): Zhao Z+, Cancer Immunol Immunother Nov , Online ahead of print [REVIEW]Graves' disease
Hyperglycemia (includes glucose increased)
(2022): Zhang W+, Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) Jan , eCollection (9 cases) [REVIEW] (hyperosmolar hyperglycemia)Hypertransaminasemia (hepatic transaminitis) / elevated transaminases
Hypophysitis
(2023): Chen P+, J Clin Med 12(10) , 3468 [REVIEW](2023): Esteves-Ferreira S+, J Cancer Res Clin Oncol Mar , Online ahead of print(2023): Quandt Z+, J Endocr Soc Feb , eCollection [REVIEW](2022): Jessel S+, Front Oncol Mar , eCollection(2020): du Payrat JA+, Bull Cancer (French) Mar , Epub ahead of print [REVIEW](2020): Khan S+, Oncologist Mar , Epub ahead of print (1 case) (with anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (anti-CTLA4) therapy )(2020): Kurokawa R+, AJNR Am J Neuroradiol Aug , Online ahead of print(2019): Albarel F+, Eur J Endocrinol 181(3) , R107 [REVIEW](2019): Di Dalmazi G+, Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 14(6) , 381 [REVIEW](2019): Thapi S+, J Immunother Cancer 7(1) , 248 (1 case)(2019): Wei KZ+, Melanoma Manag 6(1) , eCollection MMT1312% Hypopituitarism
Hypothyroidism
Thyroid disorder
Thyroid dysfunction
(2024): Wang Y+, Heliyon 10(5) , e27077 [REVIEW](2023): Albarel F+, Ann Endocrinol (Paris) Mar , Online ahead of print [REVIEW](2022): Baek HS+, BMC Endocr Disord 22(1) , 8934% (2021): Zhou N+, Lung Cancer 161 , 34-41(2020): Pollack R+, J Clin Endocrinol Metab Jul , Online ahead of print39% Thyroiditis
Thyrotoxicosis
Gastrointestinal/Hepatic[19 reactions]
Celiac disease / coeliac disease
Cholangitis / sclerosing cholangitis
(2021): Pi B+, Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol Sep , Online ahead of print [REVIEW](2020): Fujii M+, Clin J Gastroenterol Sep , Online ahead of print (1 case / male) (with chemotherapy)Colitis
(2023): Desmedt V+, Eur J Cancer 187 , 36-57 [REVIEW](2023): Losurdo G+, Biomedicines 11(5) , 1496 [REVIEW](2023): Mebarki S+, Bull Cancer Mar , Online ahead of print5% (2023): Nakane T+, Kurume Med J Apr , Online ahead of print [REVIEW](2023): Terrin M+, Int J Mol Sci 24(14) , 11504 [REVIEW](2022): Vaziri H+, J Clin Gastroenterol Apr , Online ahead of print [REVIEW](2021): Farha N+, Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol Jul , Online ahead of print4% (2021): Ogawa K+, Clin Drug Investig Jun , Online ahead of print [REVIEW](2021): Portenkirchner C+, Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 14(4) , 367 [REVIEW](2021): Yanai S+, Digestion Sep , Online ahead of print [REVIEW](2020): Bellaguarda E+, Am J Gastroenterol Jan , Epub ahead of print [REVIEW](2019): Abu-Sbeih H+, Curr Opin Gastroenterol Oct , Epub ahead of print [REVIEW](2019): Chen C+, Oncoimmunology 8(5) , e1581547 (≥ grade 3) [REVIEW](2019): Delasos L+, Case Rep Oncol Med Jul , 2019:9069354 (1 case)(2019): Som A+, World J Clin Cases 7(4) , 405 [REVIEW](2019): Yanai S+, Dig Endosc Oct , Epub ahead of print (7 cases) [REVIEW]Diarrhea
Enterocolitis
Enteropathy
Gastritis / pangastritis / gastric irritation
Gastrointestinal adverse reaction
Gastrointestinal bleeding
Gastrointestinal disorder / discomfort
Gastrointestinal perforation / perforated colon / gastric perforation
Hepatic (liver) disorder / hepatobiliary disorder / hepatic (liver) dysfunction
Hepatitis
(2022): Farshidpour M+, Middle East J Dig Dis 14(2) , 244-253 [REVIEW](2022): Liu Z+, Front Pharmacol Jan , eCollection [REVIEW](2022): Miah A+, J Cancer Res Clin Oncol Sep , Online ahead of print6% (2021): Biewenga M+, Hepatol Int Feb , Online ahead of print2% (grade 3–4)(2020): Gauci ML+, Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol Aug , Online ahead of print6% (≥ grade 3)(2019): Chen C+, Oncoimmunology 8(5) , e1581547 (≥ grade 3) [REVIEW]Hepatotoxicity / liver injury / acute liver injury / drug-induced liver injury (DILI)
(2024): Yue M+, Int Immunopharmacol Mar , Online ahead of print [REVIEW](2023): Atallah E+, JHEP Rep Oct , eCollection9% (associated with combination therapy)(2023): Gudd CLC+, Semin Liver Dis 43(4) , 402-417 [REVIEW](2023): Hountondji L+, JHEP Rep Jun , eCollection (117 cases)(2023): Kobayashi T+, J Clin Transl Hepatol 11(5) , 1239-1245 [REVIEW](2022): Taherian M+, J Clin Transl Pathol 2(3) , 83-90 [REVIEW](2021): Ito T+, Hepatol Int Aug , Online ahead of print5% (≥ grade 3)(2020): Yamamoto A+, J Cancer Res Clin Oncol Nov , Online ahead of printLiver dysfunction
Liver injury
Pancreatic injury
Pancreatitis / acute pancreatitis
Sclerosing cholangitis
Genitourinary[2 reactions] Hematologic[9 reactions] Neuromuscular/Skeletal[10 reactions]
Arthralgia
Arthritis / polyarthritis
Asthenia / fatigue
Inflammatory arthritis
(2024): Rose N+, Eur J Rheumatol Jan , Online ahead of print [REVIEW](2022): Chan KK+, J Inflamm Res May , eCollection [REVIEW](2022): Gómez-Puerta JA+, Front Med (Lausanne) Jun , eCollection(2022): Ghosh N+, Semin Arthritis Rheum Oct , Online ahead of print(2022): Jensen AK+, Biomed Pharmacother Feb , Online ahead of print [REVIEW](2022): Kim ST+, Nat Commun 13(1) , 1970 (20 cases)(2020): Angelopoulou F+, Rheumatol Int Aug , Online ahead of print58% [REVIEW](2019): Braaten TJ+, Ann Rheum Dis Sep , Epub ahead of printMusculoskeletal adverse effects
(2023): Liu H+, Front Pharmacol Oct , eCollection (FDA Adverse Event Reporting System data)Myalgia/Myositis/Myopathy/Myotoxicity
Myasthenia gravis
(2023): Masi G+, Ann Clin Transl Neurol Mar , Online ahead of print (5 cases)(2022): Longinow J+, Cancer Med Sep , Online ahead of print (11 cases) (with myasthenia gravis, myositis and myocarditis overlap syndrome)(2022): Marco C+, J Clin Med 12(1) , 130 (6 cases)(2022): Niimura T+, J Clin Pharmacol Dec , Online ahead of print (age association)(2021): Ogawa K+, Clin Drug Investig Jun , Online ahead of print [REVIEW](2021): Pathak R+, Oncologist Aug , Online ahead of print [REVIEW](2020): Huang YT+, Front Neurol 11 , 634 [REVIEW] (immune-related)(2020): Yao S+, Zhongguo Fei Ai Za Zhi (Chinese) Aug , Online ahead of print [REVIEW](2019): Becquart O+, J Immunother Jun , Epub ahead of print [REVIEW](2019): Lara MS+, Clin Lung Cancer Apr , Epub ahead of print (1 case)Myofasciitis
Polymyalgia rheumatica
Psoriatic arthralgia / psoriatic arthritis
Ocular[4 reactions] Otic[2 reactions] Renal[4 reactions]
Fanconi syndrome
Nephritis / interstitial nephritis / tubulointerstitial nephritis
Nephropathy
Nephrotoxicity / kidney injury / acute kidney injury (AKI) / drug-induced kidney injury
(2023): Seethapathy H+, Immunol Rev Jul , Online ahead of print [REVIEW](2022): Catalano M+, Front Med (Lausanne) Dec , eCollection [REVIEW](2022): Gérard AO+, Clin Kidney J 15(10) , 1881-1887 (suggested association with administration of fluindione, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, or a proton-pump inhibitor)(2022): Lv D+, Discov Med 33(170) , 137-141 [REVIEW](2022): Tian R+, Kidney Dis (Basel) 8(3) , 190-201 [REVIEW](2022): Verploegen MFA+, Kidney360 3(3) , 524-529 (16 cases)(2020): Tinawi M+, Cureus 12(12) , e12204 [REVIEW]Respiratory[3 reactions]
Interstitial lung disease / interstitial pneumonitis / interstitial pneumonia (cryptogenic organizing pneumonia) / drug-induced interstitial lung disease
Pneumonitis
(2023): Allen E+, Front Oncol Oct , eCollection (10 cases) (association with patients with pre-existing obstructive pulmonary disease)(2022): Yin J+, Front Immunol Apr , eCollection3–5% [REVIEW] (non-small-cell lung cancer patients)(2021): Abraham G+, Int J Cancer Nov , Online ahead of print4% (2021): Naganuma K+, Chemotherapy Apr , Online ahead of print (grade 3 / 1 case)(2021): Sun Z+, Invest New Drugs Jan , Online ahead of print (19 cases)(2020): Sakamoto K+, Respir Investig Jul , Online ahead of print [REVIEW](2020): Tian S+, Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys Jan , Epub ahead of print11% (grade 3) (with stereotactic body radiotherapy )(2020): Zhu S+, Front Oncol 10 , 17853% [REVIEW](2019): Chen C+, Oncoimmunology 8(5) , e1581547 (≥ grade 3) [REVIEW](2019): Zhou H+, Front Pharmacol 10 , e3874% (≥ grade 3) [REVIEW]Respiratory disorder
Other[3 reactions]
Adverse effects / adverse reactions
(2023): Elmakaty I+, Cancer Cell Int 23(1) , 90 [REVIEW](2023): Liao D+, Int Immunopharmacol Feb , Online ahead of print (with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) / anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) inhibitor)(2022): Arustamyan M+, Eur J Haematol Aug , Online ahead of print [REVIEW](2022): Huang T+, Brain Behav Mar , e2542 [REVIEW](2022): Leporini C+, Drug Saf Sep , Online ahead of print [REVIEW](2022): Meng R+, J Clin Pharmacol Aug , Online ahead of print [REVIEW](2022): Nasreen S+, Vaccine Apr , Online ahead of print(2022): Wen Y+, Expert Rev Hematol Aug , Online ahead of print [REVIEW](2022): Xu J+, Front Immunol Jan , eCollection [REVIEW] (with chemotherapy)(2022): Zhang C+, J Ovarian Res 15(1) , 99 [REVIEW](2021): Al Nuhait M+, Sci Prog 104(1) , eCollection [REVIEW](2021): Paderi A+, Curr Oncol 28(5) , 3259-3267 [REVIEW](2021): Pala L+, Expert Opin Drug Saf Sep , Online ahead of print [REVIEW](2021): Perdigoto AL+, Curr Opin Immunol 69 , 29-38 [REVIEW](2021): Qi Y+, Front Pharmacol Jun , eCollection64% (13% severe)(2021): Tian Y+, Front Oncol May , eCollection [REVIEW](2020): Allouchery M+, J Immunother Cancer 8(2) , e001622(2020): Cutroneo PM+, Br J Clin Pharmacol Jun , Online ahead of print49% (serious) [REVIEW](2020): Hommes JW+, Front Oncol Feb , eCollection [REVIEW](2020): Yamaguchi O+, Cancer Chemother Pharmacol Mar , Epub ahead of print(2019): Bjornhart B+, Acta Oncol May , Epub ahead of print24% (grade 3–5) (1 case grade 5)(2019): Fox B+, Clin Transl Oncol Jun , Epub ahead of print [REVIEW] (with other prescription drugs)(2019): Ni X+, Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol Jun , Epub ahead of print12% ≥ grade 3 [REVIEW](2019): Zhou H+, Front Pharmacol 10 , e38774% (24% ≥ grade 3; fatal / 2 cases) [REVIEW](2011): Souza FM+, Arq Bras Endocrinol Metabol 55 (8) , 559-65 [REVIEW]Death
(2023): Guo Q+, Front Pharmacol Jan , eCollection (7 cases ) [REVIEW] (case study analysis)(2022): Jing X+, Immunotherapy Sep , Online ahead of print (4 cases)(2019): Zhou H+, Front Pharmacol 10 , e387 (2 cases) [REVIEW](2018): Wang DY+, JAMA Oncol 4(12) , 1721-1728 [REVIEW](2016): Johnson DB+, N Engl J Med 375(18) , 1749 (2 cases)Immune-related adverse effect
(2024): Riveiro-Barciela M+, Gastroenterol Hepatol Jan , Online ahead of print [REVIEW](2023): Burnett DL+, Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) Oct , eCollection [REVIEW](2023): Guérin C+, Bull Cancer May , Online ahead of print31% (≥ grade 2)(2023): Lou S+, Front Pharmacol Apr , eCollection39% (2022): Jing X+, Immunotherapy Sep , Online ahead of print (fatal / 4 cases)(2022): Storm BN+, J Geriatr Oncol Jun , Online ahead of print(2021): Abdayem P+, Expert Opin Drug Saf Jan , Online ahead of print [REVIEW](2021): Husain B+, J Cancer Res Clin Oncol Apr , Online ahead of print(2021): Qi Y+, Front Pharmacol Jun , eCollection15% (2021): Zhao Q+, Front Immunol Sep , eCollection [REVIEW](2021): Zhao Z+, Target Oncol May , Online ahead of print9% (≥ grade 3) (+/- chemotherapy)(2020): Abou Alaiwi S+, J Immunother Cancer 8(1) , e00014445% (2020): Allenbach Y+, Autoimmun Rev Jun , Online ahead of print [REVIEW] (rheumatic and musculoskeletal Immune-related adverse effects)(2020): Karimian Z+, BMC Cancer 20(1) , 1128 [REVIEW](2020): Qin Q+, Zhongguo Fei Ai Za Zhi (Chinese) Aug , Online ahead of print [REVIEW](2020): Tang H+, Zhongguo Yi Xue Ke Xue Yuan Xue Bao (Chinese) 42(6) , 825-830 [REVIEW] (biomarkers)(2020): Triggianese P+, Autoimmun Rev Jun , 102590 [REVIEW](2019): Rambhia PH+, Int J Clin Oncol Jul , Epub ahead of print [REVIEW] (sarcoidosis-like granulomas)(2019): Tison A+, Arthritis Rheumatol Aug , Epub ahead of print(2019): Wei KZ+, Melanoma Manag 6(1) , eCollection MMT1329%