Abstract
Although adverse events in HIV patients taking tenofovir are relatively rare, postmarketing reports of nephrotoxicity have alerted physicians to other potentially serious outcomes. We present a series of 40 patients who developed hypokalemia associated with tenofovir. Identified risk factors included concomitant ritonavir or didanosine use, a lower weight and longer duration of tenofovir use. Recovery or improvement was seen in the majority of patients (66%) after the discontinuation of tenofovir; however, four deaths occurred. The associated consequences of tenofovir-related hypokalemia may be profound and life-threatening.
MeSH terms
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Adenine / adverse effects
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Adenine / analogs & derivatives*
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Adolescent
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Adult
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Body Weight
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Child
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Didanosine / therapeutic use
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Drug Therapy, Combination
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Female
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HIV Infections / drug therapy*
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HIV Protease Inhibitors / therapeutic use
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Humans
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Hypokalemia / chemically induced*
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Kidney Diseases / chemically induced
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Male
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Middle Aged
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Organophosphonates / adverse effects*
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Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors / adverse effects*
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Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors / therapeutic use
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Risk Factors
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Ritonavir / therapeutic use
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Tenofovir
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Time Factors
Substances
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HIV Protease Inhibitors
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Organophosphonates
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Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
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Tenofovir
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Adenine
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Didanosine
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Ritonavir