This review summarizes the current literature regarding the ocular complications of hydroxychloroquine. Hydroxychloroquine has been used since the 1950s for the treatment of various rheumatic and dermatologic diseases. Hydroxychloroquine can cause ocular toxicity, with the most serious being an irreversible retinopathy. At the present time, no "gold standard" exists for identification of the ocular toxicity prior to its development. This has led to controversy regarding the recommendations for ophthalmologic examinations for screening patients on hydroxychloroquine.