Antiretroviral-induced toxic epidermal necrolysis in a patient positive for human immunodeficiency virus

Clin Exp Dermatol. 2009 Dec;34(8):e775-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2230.2009.03508.x. Epub 2009 Sep 22.

Abstract

Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are two variants on a spectrum of severe systemic hypersensitivity characterized by blistering maculopapular lesions and desquamation of the skin and mucus membranes. Although several causative agents, including infections, have been reported for SJS/TEN, medications remain the most common cause. We report the case of a 42-year-old man with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) who developed TEN 4 months after starting treatment with darunavir and abacavir. The patient presented with upper body lesions, oral mucosal ulcerations, and impending airway compromise. He was intubated and admitted to the burns unit. Score for Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (SCORTEN) was 5, with > 90% predicted mortality. However, after intravenous immunoglobulin and supportive treatment, the patient made a remarkable recovery. Abacavir and darunavir may be associated with SJS/TEN. TEN should be considered a risk for patients with HIV and should be monitored for cutaneous eruptions for several months after changes in treatment regimen.

Publication types

  • Case Reports

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Antiviral Agents / adverse effects*
  • Darunavir
  • Dideoxynucleosides / adverse effects
  • HIV Infections / complications
  • HIV Infections / pathology*
  • HIV-1*
  • Humans
  • Immunoglobulins, Intravenous / therapeutic use
  • Male
  • Risk Factors
  • Stevens-Johnson Syndrome / chemically induced*
  • Stevens-Johnson Syndrome / pathology*
  • Stevens-Johnson Syndrome / therapy
  • Sulfonamides / adverse effects
  • Treatment Outcome

Substances

  • Antiviral Agents
  • Dideoxynucleosides
  • Immunoglobulins, Intravenous
  • Sulfonamides
  • abacavir
  • Darunavir