Objective: To determine the efficacy of high-dose dexamethasone in chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura of childhood.
Methods: Seventeen patients entered the protocol. Dexamethasone was to be given orally in two divided doses at a dosage of 20 mg/m2 for 4 consecutive days every 28 days for six courses.
Results: One month after the end of the sixth course, six patients (35%) had platelet values within the normal range. One year later, five patients (29%) still have normal platelet values. Five patients discontinued treatment before completion because of lack of response and in one case for important side effects. Duration of the disease before treatment was inversely correlated with response to dexamethasone: 5 of 10 patients who had had thrombocytopenia for 30 months or less went into remission, as opposed to none of the seven who had been sick for a longer period (p = 0.04). Side effects included fatigue or irritability, anxiety, abdominal pain, striae, hirsutism, acne, and weight gain.
Conclusions: Contrary to what is observed in adults, in our patients pulsed dexamethasone therapy did not prove to be uniformly effective. However, in view of its effectiveness in a third of the patients, acceptable side effects, and low cost, we believe that this treatment could be considered in patients with chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura who do not tolerate the disease well, especially if no more than 3 years have elapsed since diagnosis. Larger studies will be necessary to define which patients will respond to this type of therapy.