Diagnosis of Statin-Induced Necrotizing Myopathy: Contribution of Anti-HMGCR Antibodies

Acta Med Port. 2022 Jul 1;35(7-8):584-587. doi: 10.20344/amp.16181. Epub 2021 Sep 30.

Abstract

Over the last few years, several cases of statin-induced necrotizing myopathy have been described. This myopathy is characterized by the necrosis of muscle fibers and the presence of anti-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (anti-HMGCR) antibodies. Although the diagnosis of myopathies relies on muscle biopsy, which is considered the gold-standard, the search for autoantibodies has proved to be an essential contribution to the diagnosis of immune-mediated myopathies. The detection of anti-HMGCR antibodies in the patient's serum can be performed by enzyme immunoassays, and more recently, by imunofluorescence. As for the latter, the detection of anti-HMGCR antibodies is performed on tissue sections by indirect immunofluorescence and is characterized by a typical fluorescence pattern called "HMGCR Associated Liver IFL Pattern". The authors present two case reports that show the importance of diagnosing statin-induced necrotizing myopathy as quickly as possible and the contribution of anti-HMGCR antibody detection for the diagnosis.

Nos últimos anos foram descritos vários casos de miopatia necrotizante induzida por estatinas. Esta miopatia caracteriza-se por necrose das fibras musculares e pela presença de anticorpos anti-3-hidroxi-3-metilglutaril-coenzima A redutase (anti-HMGCR). Apesar do diagnóstico das miopatias depender da biópsia muscular, considerada o gold-standard, a pesquisa dos auto-anticorpos tem-se revelado uma contribuição fundamental para o diagnóstico das miopatias imuno-mediadas. A pesquisa dos anticorpos anti-HMGCR no soro do doente pode ser efetuada por recurso a imunoensaios enzimáticos e mais recentemente foi descrita a possibilidade da sua deteção por imunofluorescência. Neste caso, a pesquisa de anticorpos anti-HMGCR é efetuada em seções de tecido, por imunofluorescência indireta e caracteriza-se pela deteção de um padrão de fluorescência típico denominado “HMGCR Associated Liver IFL Pattern”. Os autores apresentam dois casos-clínicos que evidenciam não só a importância de diagnosticar o mais rapidamente possível a miopatia necrotizante induzida por estatinas como também a contribuição da deteção de anticorpos anti-HMGCR para o diagnóstico desta miopatia.

Keywords: Autoimmune Diseases/chemically induced; Hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA Reductases; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors/adverse effects; Muscular Diseases/chemically induced.

Publication types

  • Case Reports

MeSH terms

  • Autoantibodies
  • Autoimmune Diseases* / chemically induced
  • Coenzyme A / adverse effects
  • Humans
  • Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors* / adverse effects
  • Muscular Diseases* / chemically induced
  • Muscular Diseases* / diagnosis
  • Necrosis / chemically induced

Substances

  • Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors
  • Autoantibodies
  • Coenzyme A